By সজীব সরকার

শিক্ষার সঙ্কট বনাম শিক্ষার দর্শন ও শিক্ষক-শিক্ষার্থী যোগাযোগ

Media School June 17, 2020

The mind is not a vessel to be filled, but a fire to be kindled.

– Plutarch (46-120), On Listening to Lectures

Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.

– John Dewey (1859-1952)

The greatest sign of success for a teacher… is to be able to say, ‘The children are now working as if I did not exist’.
– Maria Montessori (1870-1952)

Avgiv Ggb GKUv mg‡q G‡m DcbxZ n‡qwQ, †hLv‡b GKw`‡K †hgb AR©‡bi cÖvPzh©, Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb i‡q‡Q m¼‡Ui evovevwo| Avi me m¼‡Ui g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡jv wkÿvi m¼U: wkÿvq hw` m¼U _v‡K Zvn‡j me †Póv K‡iI Ab¨me w`‡Ki mgm¨v †_‡K gyw³ wgj‡e bv| †Kbbv ÔDbœqbÕ ev ÔcÖe„w×Õ wKsev ÔAMÖmiZvÕ †Kej KwZcq aviYvgvÎ; Gi ev¯Íe cÖ‡qvM NUv‡Z wkÿvB g~j gva¨g wn‡m‡e f~wgKv iv‡L|

wkÿvq m¼UwU wVK Kx iKg?

†Q‡j-†g‡qiv ïay cixÿv cvm Ki‡Q, wKQz wkL‡Q bv; I‡`i cov‡jLvq AvMÖn †bB; wkÿve¨e¯’v weÁvbm¤§Z bq; wkÿvi bv‡g e¨emv n‡”Q; wkÿv_©x-cixÿv_©x Ø›Ø; cÖkœ duvm; †`‡k cÖPwjZ A¨vKv‡WwgK welq I cvV¨m~wPi mv‡_ PvKwii evRv‡ii mvhyR¨ †bB... Ggb nvRv‡iv mgm¨vi K_v cÖwZwbqZ ejv n‡”Q| Av‡iv wPšÍvi welq n‡jv, wkÿ‡Ki m‡½ wkÿv_©xi gvbwmK `~iZ¡ evo‡Q GgbwK Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Ø›Ø-msNvZ ˆZwi n‡”Q| Ggb Ø‡›Øi Kvi‡Y m¤úªwZ GKvwaK wkÿv_©xi AvZ¥nZ¨vi Lei MYgva¨‡g †ewi‡q‡Q| Ggb NUbv AZx‡ZI N‡U‡Q, nq‡Zv fwel¨‡ZI NU‡e| †Kej evsjv‡`k bq, cÖwZ‡ekx †`k fvi‡Z G cÖeYZv ixwZg‡Zv AvZ¼RbK; Z_vKw_Z DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡ZI Ggb NUbv G‡Kev‡i weij bq|

wKš‘ Gme mgm¨vi g~‡j †KD †cuŠQv‡bvi †Póv Ki‡Q bv; me m¼‡Ui g~j KviY n‡jv, wkÿvi †h `k©b, Zv †_‡K Avgiv `~‡i m‡i †MwQ|

wkÿvi `k©b Zvn‡j Kx?

K‡qK nvRvi eQi a‡iB wkÿvi `k©b‡K bvbvfv‡e fvev n‡q‡Q; KZK¸‡jv D‡Ïk¨ mgwš^Zfv‡e wkÿvi `k©b‡K cÖwZfvZ K‡i| Gm‡ei g‡a¨ GKwU D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv : DrKl© AR©b A_©vr wb‡Ri cwic~Y© weKvk| GKRb we`¨v_©xi ev wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨ m¤¢vebvi †h exR AšÍwb©wnZ i‡q‡Q, myß i‡q‡Q, wkÿvi gva¨‡g Zv weKwkZ n‡q dz‡j-d‡j †kvwfZ GKwU e„‡ÿ cwiYZ n‡e Ñ wkÿv `vb I MÖn‡Yi GKwU D‡Ïk¨ n‡e GwU| cÖvPxb MÖš’ Dcwbl‡` wkÿvi wZbwU D‡Ï‡k¨i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q : GK. wkÿv_©x‡K AÜKvi †_‡K Av‡jvq wb‡q Avmv; `yB. AmZ¨ †_‡K m‡Z¨ wb‡q Avmv; Ges wZb. g„Zz¨ †_‡K AbšÍ Rxe‡b wb‡q Avmv| A_©vr wkÿv Avgiv Zv‡KB ej‡ev hv GKRb wkÿv_©xi gb‡K Kjylgy³ Ki‡e Ñ Zvi g‡a¨ gy³eyw× I D`viZvi cÖmvi NUv‡e; hv Zv‡K mZ¨wbô Ki‡e, Zvi g‡a¨ fv‡jv-g‡›`i cv_©K¨ Kivi g‡Zv †eva ˆZwi Ki‡e Ges hv wkÿv_©x‡K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz AR©‡b mnvqZv Ki‡e, hvi gva¨‡g †m gvby‡li Kj¨vY Ki‡e|

wkÿv_©x †K? ev, GKRb wkÿv_©xi ˆewkó¨ †Kgb n‡e? cÖvPxb kv‡¯¿ ms¯‹…Z GK †køv‡K Gi DËi †`qv n‡q‡Q : ÔKvK‡Póv, eKa¨vbg, kbwb`ªv Z‰_eP/Aívnvix, M„nZ¨vMx, we`¨v_©x cÂjÿYgÕ| A_©vr GKRb wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨ GB cuvPwU ˆewkó¨ _vK‡e : GK. KvK‡Póv: GKRb wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨ Kv‡Ki g‡Zv AbeiZ Ô†PóvÕ K‡i hvIqvi `„pZv _vK‡Z n‡e; A_©vr Zv‡K ˆah©¨kxj I K‡Vvi cwikÖgx n‡Z n‡e| ˆah©¨ I †Póv Qvov GKRb wkÿv_©xi Ávbjvf nq bv, †m Zvi g‡a¨ myß AbšÍ m¤¢vebvi weKvk NUv‡Z cv‡i bv| G‡ÿ‡Î †Kej eyw× I ˆa‡h©¨i d‡j Kjwmi Zjvwb †_‡K cvwb cv‡b Kv‡Ki mdjZvi MíwU ¯§iY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| `yB. eKa¨vb: GKRb wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨ e‡Ki g‡Zv a¨vb Z_v Aa¨emv‡qi ¸Y _vK‡Z n‡e| e‡Ki K_v GLv‡b GR‡b¨ ejv n‡q‡Q, eK hLb gvQ wkKvi K‡i, ZLb †m GK cv ¸wU‡q wb‡q Ab¨ cv‡q fi †i‡L cvwbi w`‡K w¯’i `„wó‡Z AcjK ZvwK‡q _v‡K| `xN© mgq a‡i †m †Kv‡bv ai‡bi bov-Pov †_‡K weiZ _v‡K| Gi d‡j cvwb w¯’i n‡q Av‡m Ges cvwbi wb‡Pi mewKQz `„k¨gvb nq| GiciI †m A‡cÿv K‡i, G‡Kev‡i ÿz`ªvK…wZi gvQ¸‡jv‡K †m P‡j †h‡Z †`q; hv w`‡q Zvi †cU fi‡e bv †mw`‡K †m Ah_v g‡bv‡hvM †`q bv ev mgq e¨q K‡i bv| Gi d‡j GKmgq A‡cÿvK…Z eo gvQ¸‡jv Ñ hv Zvi `iKvi Ñ †m¸‡jv Zvi Kv‡Q aiv c‡o| Gi ga¨ w`‡q hv †evSv‡bvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv n‡jv : Rxe‡b †QvU-eo A‡bK ai‡bi NUbv NU‡Z _vK‡e, fv‡jv-g›` A‡bKwKQzB _vK‡e; Gi ga¨ †_‡K wVK welqwUi Ici †dvKvm Ki‡Z n‡e Ñ AcÖ‡qvRbxq welq wb‡q mgq bó Kiv hv‡e bv| eo jÿ¨ AR©‡bi R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvR‡b ÿz`ª ¯^v_© wemR©b w`‡Z n‡e| ÿz`ªvwZÿz`ª AcÖ‡qvRbxq welq AuvK‡o a‡i _vK‡j eo jÿ¨ AR©b m¤¢e nq bv| wZb. kbwb`ªv: Gi A_© n‡jv ÔKzKz‡ii g‡Zv NygÕ Ñ Z‡e GLv‡b Nyg bq eis Gi D‡ëvUv A_©vr mZK©Zvi K_v †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| KzKzi †PvL eÜ K‡i Nywg‡q _vK‡jI Zvi Kvb mZK© ev mRvM _v‡K †h Kvi‡Y Zvi cvk w`‡q †KD †nu‡U †M‡jB †m Zv eyS‡Z †c‡i †R‡M I‡V; GLv‡b †mw`‡KB Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKRb wkÿv_©x memgq wb‡Ri I Zvi cwi‡ek-cÖwZ‡e‡ki e¨vcv‡i mZK© _vK‡e| A_©vr wkÿv_©xi †PvL ev gb eB‡q ev †Kej Zvi covi wel‡q wbe× _vK‡jI, Gi cvkvcvwk Zvi Pvicv‡ki e¨w³, e¯‘ ev NUbv †_‡KI †h †kLvi Av‡Q A‡bKwKQz, †m wel‡qI mRvM _vK‡Z n‡e| Pvi. Aívnvi: wkÿv_©x‡K n‡Z n‡e Aívnvix| GLv‡b Aek¨ †Kej gyL ev wR‡fi Lvev‡ii K_v ejv nqwb; gvby‡li cÖwZwU Bw›`ª‡qiB ÔLveviÕ i‡q‡Q : †Pv‡Li Lvevi n‡jv `„k¨, Kv‡bi Lvevi kã, bv‡Ki Lvevi MÜ, Z¡‡Ki Lvevi ¯úk© I wR‡fi Lvevi ¯^v` ev ¯^v`hy³ e¯‘| GLv‡b cÖwZwU Bw›`ªq e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡ÎB cwiwgwZ‡ev‡ai cwiPq w`‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q| h‡ZvUzKz cÖ‡qvRb, †Kej Z‡ZvUyKzB MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e; bv n‡j AcÖ‡qvRbxq Z‡_¨ wkÿv_©xi gw¯Í®‹ †Kej fvivµvšÍ n‡e, Zv‡K wVK ÔÁvbjvfÕ n‡”Q ejv hv‡e bv| cuvP. M„nZ¨vM: Gi AvÿwiK A_© n‡jv Ni †Q‡o †e‡iv‡bv| Gi gva¨‡g †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q, we`¨vjv‡fi cÖ‡qvR‡b wkÿv_©x‡K Ni †Q‡o †e‡iv‡Z n‡e| Ni n‡”Q GKRb gvby‡li me‡P‡q wbivc` AvkÖq, wbwðšÍ RvqMv, Aviv‡gi RvqMv; GLv‡b g~jZ †mB ÔAvivgÕUzKzB Z¨vM Ki‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q| wb‡Ri ÔKg‡dvU© †RvbÕ †_‡K bv †ev‡iv‡j Ávbjvf nq bv| †mR‡b¨B ejv nq, ÔKó Qvov †Kó †g‡j bvÕ!

GLbKvi wkÿv`vb cÖwµqvq GKRb wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨ GB ˆewkó¨¸‡jv AR©‡bi †Póv ev Zv‡`i g‡a¨ G¸‡jv DrmvwnZ Kivi †Póv K‡ZvUzKz i‡q‡Q?

iex›`ªbv_ g‡b Ki‡Zb, gvbeRxe‡bi mgMÖ Av`k©‡K Áv‡b I K‡g© c~Y© K‡i Dcjwä KivB wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨| Zuvi g‡Z, gvbeKj¨vYB n‡jv wkÿv_©x‡`i eªZ I D‡Ïk¨| wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, cÖvPxb fvi‡Z cÖK…wZi mvwbœ‡a¨ I cÖK…wZi mn‡hvM NwU‡q wkÿv `vb I AR©‡bi †h Pj wQ‡jv, †mwUB Av`k© c×wZ| wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb, AZx‡Zi †mB wk¶ve¨e¯’vi cybcÖ©eZ©b `iKvi| Zuvi g‡Z, gvbyl wek¦cÖK…wZ I gvbemsmvi Ñ GB `yB‡qi g‡a¨ Rb¥MÖnY K‡i‡Q, AZGe G `yB‡K GKÎ K‡i wk¶vqZb Mo‡j Z‡eB wk¶vi c~Y©Zv I gvbeRxe‡bi mgMÖZv jvf nq| iex›`ªbv_ g‡b Ki‡Zb, wek¦cÖK…wZi †h AvnŸvb, Zvi †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i cyuw_MZ we`¨v w`‡q †Rvi K‡i wk¶vi Av‡qvRb Ki‡j ïay wk¶ve¯‘‡KB Rgv‡bv nq; †h gb Zv‡K MÖnY Ki‡e Zvi Ae¯’v nq fvievwn Rš‘i g‡Zv; wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ Zv‡Z e¨_© nq| †mR‡b¨ iex›`ªbv_ wkÿvi †h `k©‡b wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, kvwšÍwb‡KZb‡K wZwb †mB Av`‡j Movi †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi jÿ¨ wQ‡jv, wkÿvPP©v n‡e mg¯Í iK‡gi mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvgy³| wZwb memgqB †P‡q‡Qb, wkÿve¨e¯’v Ggb n‡e hv n‡e me©RvwZK gbyl¨Z¡ PP©vi †K›`ª; wZwb PvB‡Zb, ¯^RvwZK msKxY©Zvi hyM †kl n‡q Avm‡Q Ges fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ †h wek¦RvwZK gnvwgjbh‡Ái cÖwZôv n‡”Q, Zuvi cÖ_g Av‡qvRb n‡e kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b (†g‡niæb‡bmv, 2016)|

†mB K‡Zv eQi Av‡MB iex›`ªbv_ GKw`‡K mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvgy³ GKwU GKgyLx wk¶ve¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb, †hLv‡b ¯’vwbK ms¯‹…wZ PP©vi cvkvcvwk Zv‡Z GKwU AvaywbK ˆewk¦K †hvM ¯’vc‡bi welqwUI †f‡ewQ‡jb!

iex›`ªbv_ Ø¨_©nxb fvlvq ej‡Zb, wkÿvi gva¨g n‡e gvZ…fvlv| G e¨vcv‡i Zuvi fvl¨ wQ‡jv, Bs‡iwR fv‡jv K‡i wkL‡ZB n‡e, Z‡e we`¨vjq, K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vj‡q gvZ…fvlvi gva¨‡g me Ávb-weÁvb †kLv‡Z n‡e| Zuvi fv‡l¨ AbycÖvwYZ Bsj¨v‡Ûi wjWm wek¦we`¨vj‡qi DcvPvh© m¨vi gvB‡Kj m¨vWjvi (whwb GKmgq KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wk¶v ms¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ MwVZ Kwgk‡bi m‡½I KvR K‡iwQ‡jb) wb‡RI †mB Kwgk‡bi wi‡cv‡U© e‡jwQ‡jb, GZ Av‡M iex›`ªbv_ VvKyi †h K_v e‡j †M‡Qb Zv mviv we‡k¦B wk¶vcÖwZôvb Ges wk¶vi Rb¨ Dchy³ Av`k© n‡q DV‡Z cvi‡Zv|

iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi wkÿv_©x‡`i a‡bi M‡e© ùxZ bv n‡Z Ges wg_¨v‡K ev` w`‡q mZ¨‡K Rvbevi Dc‡`k w`‡Zb| Zv‡`i wZwb Ggbfv‡e M‡o IVvi civgk© w`‡Zb †h Zviv †hLv‡bB _vK‡e †mLv‡bB gvby‡li g½j n‡e, Zv‡`i gva¨‡g mK‡ji fv‡jv n‡e| iex›`ªbv‡_i g‡Z, mK‡ji fv‡jv Kivi GB AvKv•ÿvB n‡jv wk¶vi gnvb eªZ, Avi GB eªZ‡KB gyw³i Dcvq e‡j wek¦vm K‡i Gi Dchy³ GKwU wkÿve¨e¯’v wbwðZ Kivi K_v ej‡Zb wZwb| Ab¨w`‡K wk¶Yc×wZ m¤ú‡K© wZwb wZbwU g~jbxwZi K_v e‡j‡Qb : GK. ¯^vaxbZv, `yB. m„RbkxjZvi gva¨‡g AvZ¥cÖKvk, I wZb. cÖK…wZi m‡½ mwµq ms‡hvM (nvj`vi, 2018)|

AvR‡Ki hy‡M GB gnrcÖvY wPšÍK wkÿK‡`i m¼U i‡q‡Q; †Kej cixÿv cvm Avi PvKzwii wPšÍv †Kej wkÿv_©x bq Ñ GLb wkÿK‡`iI †hb Zvwo‡q †eovq! Kxfv‡e GKRb Av`k© gvbyl wn‡m‡e M‡o IVv hvq, G wb‡q fvebv wkÿv_©xi g‡b RvMÖZ Ki‡eb wkÿK; wKš‘ Ae¯’vi Pv‡c GKRb wkÿK †Kej Zvi QvÎ wKsev QvÎxwU‡K cvm Kwi‡q GKUv PvKwi †hvMv‡oi Dchy³ K‡i †Zvjv‡KB Df‡qi g~j `vwqZ¡ †f‡e wb‡q‡Qb Ges G‡ZB †hb RM‡Zi me Kj¨vY wbwnZ i‡q‡Q!

iex›`ªbv_ g‡b Ki‡Zb, wk¶vMÖnY n‡jv GK ai‡bi ag©; G a‡g© QvÎ Ges wk¶‡Ki m¤úK© n‡e ¸iæ-wk‡l¨i m¤úK©| wZwb ej‡Zb, wk¶v KL‡bv cY¨ iƒ‡c wewµ n‡Z cv‡i bv Ñ G‡Z QvÎ-wk¶‡Ki ga¨Kvi ¸iæ-wk‡l¨i m¤úK© e¨vnZ nq| wZwb Av‡iv ej‡Zb, wk¶vcÖwZôv‡b Aa¨vc‡Kiv Zv‡`i ¯^vaxb gZvgZ e¨³ Ki‡eb; wk¶vcÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK Ges Aa¨vcK‡`i g‡a¨ gvwjK-kÖwgK m¤úK© _vK‡e bv eis Df‡qB G‡K A‡b¨i mn‡hvMx n‡q KvR Ki‡eb| wb‡Ri cÖwZôv‡bi wkÿK‡`i e¨cv‡iI wZwb ej‡Zb, Zuv‡`i wZwb Zuvi Aaxb e‡j g‡b K‡ib bv eis GB wkÿK‡`i Kv‡Q wZwb cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡Zb †h Zuviv ¯^vaxb ïfeyw×i Øviv ¯^xq KZ©e¨ m¤úv`b K‡i hv‡eb|

wKš‘ ÔAvaywbK I DbœZÕ mg‡q G‡m Avgiv Gi wVK wecixZ wPÎwUB †`LwQ †hLv‡b (we‡kl K‡i †emiKvwi ev e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb) wkÿvcÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡Z Ôgvwj‡KivÕ wkÿK‡`i †Kej Ô†eZbfz³ Kg©PvwiÕ fve‡ZB cQ›` K‡i Ges wkÿKivI wb‡R‡`i‡K ¯^vaxb I gy³wPšÍvi c_cÖ`k©K bv †f‡e wkÿv_©x‡`i †Kej ÔK‡c©v‡iU `vmÕ wn‡m‡e Dchy³ K‡i M‡o †Zvjv‡KB wb‡R‡`i `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ Ges A‡bKUvB ÔwbqwZÕ e‡j †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb|

wkÿvi `k©b cÖm‡½ `vk©wbK Ruv-RvK iæ‡kvi fvebvI iex›`ªbv‡_i g‡ZvB; iæ‡kvI g‡b Ki‡Zb, gvby‡li †gŠwjK wkÿvi D‡Ïk¨ nIqv DwPZ Rxeb-avi‡Yi Dchy³Zv AR©b Kiv, ÔgvbylÕ n‡q DVv| GR‡b¨ wZwbI ˆkke †_‡KB cÖK…wZi mvwbœ‡a¨ wkÿv`v‡bi c×wZ‡K mg_©b K‡i‡Qb; wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb, cÖK…wZi k„•Ljv gvbeRxe‡bi ev gvby‡li Aw¯Í‡Z¡i cÖwZwU welq‡K ¯úk© K‡i, cÖfvweZ K‡i Ges cÖK…wZi mvwbœa¨ e¨w³‡K Zvi AšÍwb©wnZ mË¡vi m‡½ ms‡hvM NUv‡Z, Zvi cÖwZ‡e‡ki mv‡_ †hvMm~Î ¯’vcb Ki‡Z Ges Ab¨ gvby‡li mv‡_ m¤úK© ˆZwi‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|

`vk©wbK m‡µwUm g‡b Ki‡Zb, cÖkœ Kivi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xi †fZ‡ii myß fvebv‡K RvMÖZ Ki‡Z n‡e| m‡µwUm wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, wkÿvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv m‡Z¨i Avwe®‹vi Ges †Kej ÔØvw›ØKZvÕi gva¨‡gB G m‡Z¨i D‡b¥vPb m¤¢e (Kvb, 1997)|

`vk©wbK †cø‡Uv g‡b Ki‡Zb, ˆkke †_‡KB e¨w³i g‡a¨ Ávb, `ÿZv, k„•Ljvi cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i‡K iv‡óªi Av`k© bvMwiK wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjv `iKvi Ges Zv n‡Z n‡e iv‡óªi ZË¡veav‡b| m½xZ I wk‡íi cÖwkÿY‡K wZwb mvwe©K I mgwš^Z (†nvwjw÷K) wkÿY cÖwµqvi Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Abyl½ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ wZwb kixi I AvZ¥v‡K Avjv`v we‡ePbv K‡i G `y‡qi mgš^‡q ÁvbvR©‡bi cÖwµqv‡K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© g‡b K‡i‡Qb (dvb©v‡›`R, 2010)|

A¨vwi÷Uj Zuvi wewfbœ †jLvq D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb, wkÿvi gva¨‡g ¯^vfvweK ÁvbPP©vi cvkvcvwk gvby‡li gvbweK ˆewkó¨ ev PwiÎ, Af¨vm I hyw³i weKvk NUv‡bvI `iKvi| wkÿvi GB cÖwµqv †Kgb n‡e, G wel‡q Aek¨ Zuvi fvebv m‡µwU‡mi fvebvi G‡Kev‡iB wecixZ; A¨vwi÷Uj wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, wkÿv_©x‡K †kLv‡bvi `vwqZ¡ g~jZ GKRb wkÿ‡Ki; wkÿK c×wZMZ Dcv‡q wkÿv_©x‡K M‡o Zzj‡eb| A¨vwi÷Uj wkÿvi Ask wn‡m‡e ZvwË¡K PP©vi cvkvcvwk cÖv‡qvwMK w`KwU‡KI ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q G `y‡qi g‡a¨ fvimvg¨ iÿvi Ici †Rvi w`‡q‡Qb| cy‡iv wkÿY cÖwµqvi g‡a¨ wZwb mywbw`©ófv‡e cov-†jLv I MwYZ, m½xZ, kvixwiK wkÿv, mvwnZ¨ I BwZnvm, Ges weÁv‡bi bvbv w`K Ñ GB welq¸‡jv‡K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| cvkvcvwk wZwb µxov‡KI mgvb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© g‡b Ki‡Zb| wkÿvi D‡Ïk¨ cÖm‡½ †cø‡Uvi g‡ZvB A¨vwi÷UjI wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, wkÿvi †gŠj D‡Ïk¨B n‡jv Gi gva¨‡g iv‡óªi R‡b¨ Dchy³ I bxwZevb bvMwiK ˆZwi Kiv| Ggb wkÿY cÖwµqv‡K wZwb mykvm‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖfveK e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zb| A¨vwi÷Uj GgbwU wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, iv‡óªi fvM¨ wbf©i K‡i hyev‡`i wkÿvi gv‡bi Ici (Kvb, 1997)|

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Rvg©vb wPšÍvwe` gvwU©b nvB‡WMvi-Gi g‡Z, wek¦we`¨vj‡q wkÿKZv I M‡elYv‡K GK m~‡Î †cÖvw_Z K‡i Gi gva¨‡g Áv‡bi bvbv kvLvq cÖPwjZ †hme mbvZbx aviYv P‡j Avm‡Q, †m¸‡jv‡K P¨v‡jÄ Kiv DwPZ (_gmb, 2002)|

Ôwkÿvi D‡Ïk¨ Kx?Õ Ñ G wel‡q wek` Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb Bs‡iR `vk©wbK, MwYZwe`, HwZnvwmK, mgv‡jvPK I †bv‡ejRqx mvwnZ¨K eªvUª©vÛ iv‡mj| iv‡mj Zuvi g‡bvRM‡Z †h wek¦‡K aviY Ki‡Zb †mLv‡b Am‡Z¨i Ici m‡Z¨i, N„Yvi Ici fv‡jvevmvi, aŸs‡mi wecix‡Z m„wókxjZv, wbcxo‡bi ¯’‡j ¯^vaxbZv Ges hy‡×i Ici kvwšÍi Rq weivRgvb| Zuvi g‡Z, GKgvÎ wkÿvB GwU m¤¢e Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e †mB wkÿv Ggb n‡Z n‡e hv e¨w³i ˆbwZK PwiÎ MVb Ki‡e, e¨w³i gb‡bi weKvk NUv‡e, Zvi g‡a¨ weÁvbgb¯‹Zv ˆZwi Ki‡e, Zv‡K ms‡e`bkxj Ki‡e, Zv‡K mybvMwiK K‡i Zzj‡e| Z‡e iv‡mj g‡b Ki‡Zb, wkÿvi gnËg D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv e¨w³i g‡a¨ AvšÍR©vwZKZvev‡`i weKvk NUv‡bv| Z‡e iv‡mj g‡b Ki‡Zb, GR‡b¨ †mB wkÿv n‡Z n‡e mycwiKwíZ Ñ wewfbœ eq‡mi Abycv‡Z wZwb cvVµg mvRv‡bvi mycvwik K‡i‡Qb| †hgb, cÖ_g ¯Íi (1 †_‡K 3 eQi): G eq‡m †Kej †gŠwjK kvixie„wËq e¨vcvi¸‡jv †kLv‡bv `iKvi; cvkvcvwk Pvicv‡ki cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© mvaviY ÁvbjvfI G mg‡q Riæwi| wØZxq ¯Íi (3 †_‡K 5 eQi): bvP, Mvb, Qwe AuvKv, co‡Z I wjL‡Z †kLv Ges gvZ…fvlv Qvov Ab¨ fvlv wkÿv G mg‡qi R‡b¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Z…Zxq ¯Íi (5 †_‡K 14 eQi): exi‡Z¡i Mv_v, f~‡Mvj, BwZnvm, MwYZ I weÁvb wkÿv G mg‡qi g‡a¨ m¤úv`b Ki‡Z n‡e| PZz_© ¯Íi (14 †_‡K 18 eQi): DuPz gv‡bi mvwnZ¨, MwYZ I weÁvb Ges gvbweK BwZnvm wZbwU †kÖwY‡Z wef³ K‡i G mg‡qi g‡a¨ †kLv‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e kvixiweÁvb, ¯^v¯’¨ I †hŠb wkÿv GB wZb †kÖwY‡Z ivL‡Z n‡e| cÂg ¯Íi (18 eQi †_‡K cieZ©x): wkÿv_©xi †gav I †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx †ckvMZ `ÿZvi R‡b¨ `iKvwi welqmg~‡ni Ici wkÿv`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| Zuvi g‡Z, wkÿv_©xiv wb‡Riv cÖ‡qvM †_‡K wkL‡e Avi cy‡iv wkÿY cÖwµqv G‡Kev‡iB Ôfqgy³Õ n‡Z n‡e e‡j wZwb †Rvi gZ w`‡q‡Qb| wkÿv_©x‡`i †gav I cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx wfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi `iKv‡ii K_vI wZwb e‡j‡Qb (wMÖwdb, 2003)|

hy‡M hy‡M Avgiv ¯^xKvi K‡i G‡mwQ, cÖwZwU e¨w³i gvbm-PwiÎ Avjv`v| Zvn‡j †mB wePv‡i cÖwZwU wkÿv_©x Avjv`v Ges ZvB cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki fvebv-wPšÍv, Av`k©, AvMÖn, mvg_©¨-`ye©jZv gv_vq †i‡L Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx Dchy³ K‡i M‡o †Zvjvi gvbwmKZv wkÿK‡`i g‡a¨ _vKv `iKvi| wKš‘ †Kej cixÿv cv‡mi †h wkÿve¨e¯’v w`‡b w`‡b M‡o D‡V‡Q †mLv‡b Avgiv †Kv‡bv ÁvbZvcm ev we`¨v_©x ˆZwi Kiv `~‡i _vK wbQK GKUv wb‡`b c‡ÿ fv‡jv gvbyl ev mybvMwiK ˆZwiiI av‡i-Kv‡Q †bB Ñ †KejB ÔPvKwicÖv_©xÕ Avi ÔPvKz‡iÕ ˆZwi KiwQ; wKš‘ Avgiv wK †f‡e †`‡LwQ, †Kej wKQz Ôcixÿv_©xÕ, ÔPvKwicÖv_©xÕ Avi ÔPvKz‡iÕ Avgv‡`i †Kvb& Kv‡R Avm‡e?

GKwU hy³ev`x, wPšÍvkxj I weÁvbgb¯‹ gb †Kej e¨w³ bq †MvUv †`k GgbwK †MvUv we‡k¦i g½‡ji R‡b¨ Riæwi| GR‡b¨ `iKvi m‡Z¨i D‡b¥vPb Avi mZ¨ D‡b¥vP‡bi R‡b¨ Rvb‡Z n‡e Avi Rvb‡Z n‡j cÖkœ Ki‡Z n‡e| K‡qK nvRvi eQi Av‡MB `vk©wb‡Kiv G mZ¨ Dcjwä K‡i‡Qb| Ô`¨ Avi¸‡g‡›UwUf BwÛqvbÕ eB‡q †bv‡ejRqx A_©bxwZwe` AgZ©¨ †mb †`wL‡q‡Qb, fviZxq ms¯‹…wZ‡Z nvRv‡iv eQi a‡iB MVbg~jK Z‡K©i Pj wQ‡jv| wKš‘ K‡qK nvRvi eQi c‡i G‡mI Avgiv †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_©xi cÖkœ Kiv‡K ixwZg‡Zv ÔJ×Z¨Õ ev Ô†eqv`weÕ Qvov Avi wKQz fve‡Z cviwQ bv! K¬vmiæ‡g †Kv‡bv cÖkœ †Zvjv hvq bv Ñ ¯‹zj †_‡K wek¦we`¨vjq Ñ meLv‡bB GB GK wPÎ| A_P m‡µwUm, A¨vwi÷Uj ev AvBb÷vBb Ñ wPšÍv I Áv‡bi RM‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖvq cÖwZwU gvbylB cÖkœ Kiv‡K Ávbjv‡fi AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcvq wn‡m‡e †`‡L‡Qb Ges AweiZfv‡e cÖkœ Kiv‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Qb| AgZ©¨ †mb-Gi K_vi m~Î a‡iB hw` ewj, Zvn‡j wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb KvR n‡jv wkÿv_©x‡K ÔbvÕ ej‡Z †kLv‡bv, wkÿv_©xi wØgZ-wfbœgZ wbf©‡q cÖKv‡ki mvnm †hvMv‡bv; †Kbbv wØgZ-wfbœ-gZ-ZK© Qvov Ávb ˆZwi nq bv, mgvR G‡Mvq bv| wKš‘ wkÿv_©xi cÖkœ wKsev wfbœgZ DrmvwnZ Kivi GB D`viZv K‡ZvRb wkÿ‡Ki g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Zv Avgiv wb‡R‡`i AwfÁZv †_‡KB Rvwb|

†kLv Avi †kLv‡bvi g‡a¨ ÔØvw›ØKZvÕ `iKvi; bv n‡j †kLvi cÖwµqv m¤ú~Y©Zv jvf K‡i bv| wKš‘ Gi e`‡j wkÿK-cÖavb GK‰iwLK GKUv wkÿve¨e¯’v Pvjy n‡q †M‡Q †hLv‡b wkÿK Avi wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨ m¤úK© mn‡hvwMi bv n‡q ÔØvw›ØKÕ n‡q D‡V‡Q| wkÿK‡K n‡Z n‡e wkÿv_©xi wek¦¯Í eÜz; hvi Kv‡Q wkÿv_©x gb Ly‡j wb‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb-AcÖ‡qvRb, B”Qv-Awb”Qv, mngZ-wfbœg‡Zi mr eqvb Zz‡j ai‡Z cvi‡e| wkÿK-wkÿv_©xi m¤úK© GgbwU bv n‡j GKRb wkÿK KL‡bvB Zuvi wkÿv_©xi AvMÖn, cÖ‡qvRb ev mvg‡_©¨i welqwU eyS‡Z cvi‡eb bv Ges Zv‡K Ô†kLv‡ZIÕ cvi‡eb bv|

wkÿK Zuvi wb‡Ri Áv‡bi Av‡jv‡Z mevB‡K Av‡jvwKZ Ki‡eb; wb‡Ri cÖ”Qvqv bq, wkÿv_©x‡`i wZwb ¯^Zš¿ e¨w³ wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvi j‡ÿ¨ wb‡R‡K DrmM© Ki‡eb| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ fve-wewbg‡qi gva¨g n‡e wkÿv| GR‡b¨ Df‡qi g‡a¨ GKwU AvwZ¥K m¤úK© M‡o IVv `iKvi| wkÿv_©x‡`i g‡a¨ wkÿK AbymwÜrmv‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡eb, PvUzKvwiZv bq| Avi Zv m¤¢e †Kej fxwZgy³ cvi¯úwiK kÖ×v‡eva †_‡K hv Avm‡Z cv‡i wkÿK-wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨ Avbyf~wgK †hvMv‡hvM KvVv‡gv †_‡KB; wkÿK‡µw›`ªK bv n‡q wkÿve¨e¯’vUv Av‡iv †ewk wkÿv_©x‡Kw›`ªK nIqv `iKvi; bv n‡j wkÿv_©xiv µ‡gB e„‡Ëi evB‡ii w`‡K †h‡Z _vK‡e|

wkÿv_©x‡`i me©všÍKi‡Y Ôwe`¨v_©xÕ (we`¨v+A_©x=we`¨v jv‡f AvMÖnx) K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e; GR‡b¨ `yR‡bi g‡a¨ AvšÍwiK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi †Kej eB‡qi cov gyL¯’ Kiv‡bv †Kv‡bv wkÿ‡Ki KvR n‡Z cv‡i bv; GKRb wkÿK †kLv‡eb bv Ñ wZwb hv †kLv‡Z Pvb, Zv wb‡Ri Rxe‡b hw` aviY K‡ib, cÖ‡qvM K‡ib, Z‡e wkÿv_©xiv Zuv‡K Abymi‡Yi gva¨‡gB Rxe‡bi cÖK…Z wkÿvwU AR©b Ki‡e| cvkvcvwk wZwb wkÿv_©x‡`i cvV¨ eB‡qi evB‡iI wkí, mvwnZ¨, BwZnvm, weÁvb, ag©, `k©b, ivRbxwZ BZ¨vw` hveZxq wel‡q co‡Z I Rvb‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡eb Ñ GwUB Kvg¨| †MÖWme©¯^ mvwU©wd‡K‡Ui †P‡q mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© Rvbvi ¸iæZ¡, GKwU Av‡jvwKZ gvbm AR©‡bi ¸iæZ¡ †evSv‡Z n‡e wkÿv_©x‡`i| GKRb wkÿv_©x‡K ˆbwZK I gvbweK ¸Yvewji mgš^‡q cwic~Y© gvbyl I Av`k© bvMwiK wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjv AvR‡Ki mg‡q Lye †ewk cÖ‡qvRb| GKRb wkÿv_©x‡K †Kej PvKwii evRv‡ii R‡b¨ cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡j Pj‡e bv Gi cvkvcvwk Zv‡K GKRb hyw³ev`x wPšÍvkxj gvbyl wn‡m‡eI M‡o †Zvjv PvB| Avi G `vq wkÿv_©x ev wkÿK GKvi bq Ñ `yR‡biB|

Avgiv wK GB D‡Ïk¨ wb‡qB cowQ ev covw”Q? cÖkœwU wkÿv_©x I wkÿK Ñ Df‡qiB R‡b¨|

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Z_¨m~Î :

dvb©v‡›`R, Avi‡b‡÷v (2019)| g¨vb b‡jR : `¨ wMÖK wdjmdvim| AvU©Adg¨vbwj‡bm|

IqvBWgvb, d«vb&R (1968)| †n‡Mj : Gb Bjv‡÷ª‡UW ev‡qvMÖvwd| †cMvmvm|

KbI‡q, Rb cøvwmW (1991)| †mB›U _gvm A¨vKzBbvm| jÛb|

¸‡UK, †Rivì Gj (2009)| wbD cvi‡¯úKwUfm Ab wdjmwd A¨vÛ GWz‡Kkb| wcqvimb GWz‡Kkb, Bb|

_gmb, B‡qBb (2002)| nvB‡WMvi Ab Ab‡UvjwRK¨vj GWz‡Kkb| Bb wcUvim, gvB‡Kj A¨v; nvB‡WMvi GWz‡Kkb A¨vÛ gWvwb©wU| wbD BqK© : †ivg¨vb A¨vÛ wjUjwdì|

g‡šÍmwi, gvwiqv (1988)| `¨ g‡šÍmwi †g_W| i¨vbWg nvDm|

†g‡niæb‡bmv, W. Rvwn`v (2016, AvM÷ 6)| Ôiex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii wk¶vfvebv Ges AvR‡Ki w`‡bi msKUÕ| RvMiYxqv|

eªvDwW, n¨vwi Gm (1954)| wewìs Av wdjmwd Ae GWz‡Kkb| Avi. B. wµMvi cve †Kvs.|

eªæbvi, †R‡iv‡g Gm (1960)| `¨ cÖ‡mm Ae GWz‡Kkb|

[†jLvwU XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi MY‡hvMv‡hvM I mvsevw`KZv wefvM †_‡K cÖKvwkZ †hvMv‡hvM Rvb©vj ÔAMÖvqbÕ-Gi 2019 msL¨vq cÖKvwkZ nq|]